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一、通風(fēng)管道核心知識(shí)

1、 Core knowledge of ventilation ducts

主要類型

Main types

矩形風(fēng)管：空間利用率高，適用于建筑層高受限場(chǎng)景（如商場(chǎng)、辦公樓）。

Rectangular duct: With high space utilization, it is suitable for scenarios with limited building height, such as shopping malls and office buildings.

圓形風(fēng)管：氣流阻力小，適合長(zhǎng)距離送風(fēng)或高壓系統(tǒng)（如工業(yè)排風(fēng)）。

Circular duct: with low airflow resistance, suitable for long-distance air supply or high-pressure systems (such as industrial exhaust).

螺旋風(fēng)管：自帶加強(qiáng)筋，強(qiáng)度高且漏風(fēng)率低，常見于潔凈室或?qū)嶒?yàn)室。

Spiral air duct: equipped with reinforcing ribs, high strength and low air leakage rate, commonly found in clean rooms or laboratories.

軟管風(fēng)管：柔性可彎曲，用于臨時(shí)通風(fēng)或設(shè)備連接（如施工排煙）。

Flexible hose duct: Flexible and bendable, used for temporary ventilation or equipment connection (such as construction smoke exhaust).

材質(zhì)選擇

Material selection

鍍鋅鋼板：經(jīng)濟(jì)耐用，需防潮處理（適用80%常規(guī)場(chǎng)景）。

Galvanized steel plate: economical and durable, requiring moisture-proof treatment (suitable for 80% of conventional scenarios).

不銹鋼：耐腐蝕、耐高溫，用于廚房排煙、化工廠等特殊環(huán)境。

Stainless steel: corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant, used in special environments such as kitchen smoke exhaust and chemical plants.

玻璃鋼（FRP）：抗酸堿、絕緣，適合實(shí)驗(yàn)室或沿海高鹽霧區(qū)域。

Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP): resistant to acid and alkali, insulated, suitable for laboratories or high salt spray areas along the coast.

復(fù)合風(fēng)管（酚醛/聚氨酯）：保溫隔音一體化，用于醫(yī)院、數(shù)據(jù)中心等靜壓箱需求場(chǎng)景。

Composite air duct (phenolic/polyurethane): Integrated insulation and sound insulation, used in static pressure box demand scenarios such as hospitals and data centers.

關(guān)鍵參數(shù)

key parameter 

風(fēng)速控制：主風(fēng)管8-12m/s（民用），15-20m/s（工業(yè)）；支管5-8m/s。

Wind speed control: main air duct 8-12m/s (civilian), 15-20m/s (industrial); Branch pipe 5-8m/s.

壓力等級(jí)：低壓（≤500Pa）、中壓（500-1500Pa）、高壓（>1500Pa）。

Pressure rating: low pressure (≤ 500Pa), medium pressure (500-1500Pa), high pressure (>1500Pa).

二、設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2、 Design specifications and standards

中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Chinese standards

《GB 50243-2016 通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》

GB 50243-2016 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering

《GB 50736-2012 民用建筑供暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》

GB 50736-2012 Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Civil Buildings

國(guó)際參考

International reference

SMACNA（美國(guó)鈑金與空調(diào)承包商協(xié)會(huì)）：風(fēng)管制作與安裝細(xì)則

SMACNA (Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Association): Guidelines for Duct Manufacturing and Installation

ASHRAE Handbook：通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)與能效指南

ASHRAE Handbook： Guidelines for Design Parameters and Energy Efficiency of Ventilation Systems

三、安裝技術(shù)要點(diǎn)

3、 Key points of installation technology

施工原則

Construction principles

優(yōu)先布置主干管，減少?gòu)濐^與變徑（彎頭曲率半徑≥1.5倍管徑）。

Prioritize the arrangement of main pipes and reduce bends and diameter changes (bend curvature radius ≥ 1.5 times the pipe diameter).

與電纜橋架間距≥0.3m，交叉時(shí)風(fēng)管在上方（防止冷凝水滴落）。

The distance between the cable tray and the air duct should be ≥ 0.3m, and the air duct should be above when crossing (to prevent condensation water droplets from falling).

連接方式

Connection method

法蘭連接：高壓系統(tǒng)首選，需密封膠條+螺栓緊固。

Flange connection: preferred for high-pressure systems, requiring sealing strips and bolt fastening.

插接式：快速安裝，適用于低壓復(fù)合風(fēng)管。

Plug in type: quick installation, suitable for low-pressure composite air ducts.

焊接：不銹鋼風(fēng)管特殊節(jié)點(diǎn)處理（如排煙系統(tǒng)高溫段）。

Welding: Special node treatment for stainless steel air ducts (such as high-temperature sections of smoke exhaust systems).

減震與保溫

Shock absorption and insulation

風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)出口設(shè)軟連接（防火帆布或橡膠），支架加裝減震墊。

Install soft connections (fireproof canvas or rubber) at the inlet and outlet of the fan, and install shock-absorbing pads on the bracket.

保溫層厚度按防結(jié)露計(jì)算（如南方地區(qū)≥30mm橡塑保溫）。

The thickness of the insulation layer is calculated based on anti condensation measures (such as rubber insulation with a thickness of ≥ 30mm in southern regions).

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